Deng Zhongxia’s Years in Moscow: A Glimpse into the Early History of theChinese Communist Party
By [Your Name]
October 6,2024
Deng Zhongxia, born on October 5, 1894, into a family of feudal intellectuals in Yizhang County, Hunan Province, was a prominent figure in the early Chinese Communist Party. He became a leading Marxist theorist and a prominent leader of the Chinese labor movement. Hislife, though tragically cut short, left an indelible mark on the history of China.
From May 1928 to July 1930, Deng Zhongxia resided in Moscow, playing a crucial role in the development of theCommunist Party of China (CPC). This article examines his contributions during this period, shedding light on the early years of the CPC and commemorating the 130th anniversary of his birth.
Participation in the Preparations for the Sixth National Congressof the CPC and Election as an Alternate Central Committee Member
In mid-May 1928, Deng Zhongxia, along with dozens of other delegates, embarked on a journey from Shanghai to Moscow via Vladivostok. Upon arrival, he actively participated in the preparations for the Sixth National Congress of the CPC. On June 14th and 15th, Deng Zhongxia, alongside Zhou Enlai, Qu Qiubai, Cai Hesen, and other delegates, attended a political discussion meeting convened by Bukharin. The discussion centered around three key issues: Lessons from the past, Assessment of thecurrent situation, and The main tasks of the Party at present. This meeting essentially served as a preliminary session for the Sixth National Congress.
During the discussion, Deng Zhongxia candidly acknowledged the right-wing opportunist errors that had plagued the Party, stating that it is difficult to pinpoint the exact time when thistendency began, but it became increasingly serious after the assassination of Liao Zhongkai. He further argued that from the Second National Congress of the Kuomintang and the March 20th Incident to the Wuhan Uprising, opportunism had fully matured and almost led to the demise of our Party.
Regarding the Party’s organizational restructuring, the Central Committee had proposed increasing the representation of workers and peasants in the Party’s leadership. Some local comrades, under the guise of opposing formalism, argued against this reform, claiming it was merely a mechanical calculation of how many workers and peasants should be included. Deng Zhongxia, however, emphasized the significance ofthe restructuring, stating that even mechanical methods have their positive aspects. We should continue this work and not pretend to oppose mechanical restructuring.
On June 18th, 1928, the Sixth National Congress of the CPC was held in secret at the Silver Villa in Zvenigorod,near Moscow. Deng Zhongxia was elected to the Presidium of the Congress alongside Stalin, Bukharin, Zhou Enlai, Qu Qiubai, Su Zhaozheng, Xiang Zhongfa, Li Lisan, and 17 others. He served as a member of ten specialized committees, including the Political Committee(attached to the Soviet Committee), the Organization Committee (attached to the Charter Committee), the Workers’ Movement Committee, the Agricultural and Land Committee, and the Military Committee.
On June 22nd, Deng Zhongxia delivered a lengthy speech at the Fifth Plenary Session. He directly criticized Zhang Guotao’serroneous speech from the previous day, calling it completely an attack and reflecting an arrogant attitude of being both in power and out of power. Deng Zhongxia also offered frank criticism of Qu Qiubai’s political report, stating that…
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