科技日报北京1月22日电(记者张梦然)《自然·代谢》22日发表的一项研究显示，无法产生乳糖酶(非持续产生乳糖酶)的成年人如果增加牛奶摄入，可能使他们罹患II型糖尿病(T2D)的风险下降。研究显示，牛奶摄入增加会改变肠道微生物组特定菌种和循环代谢物的水平，这与降低T2D风险有关。
这项研究由美国华盛顿大学医学院的研究人员完成，他们对超过3000名美国成年人进行了长达18年的跟踪调查。研究人员发现，每天喝一杯牛奶的人比不喝牛奶的人患T2D的风险要低27%。
据研究人员介绍，乳糖是一种常见的碳水化合物，它在人体中被乳糖酶分解为葡萄糖和半乳糖。然而，并非所有人都能产生足够的乳糖酶来消化乳糖，这被称为“乳糖不耐”。对于这些人来说，过多摄入乳糖可能会导致腹泻、胃胀等症状。
研究人员表示，这项研究表明，通过增加牛奶摄入来改善肠道微生物组的组成可能有助于降低T2D的风险。他们建议，对于那些无法产生足够乳糖酶的人来说，适量饮用牛奶可能是一种有效的预防措施。
不过，这项研究也存在一定的局限性。研究人员指出，他们的研究主要关注的是美国人群体，而且研究时间较长，但这些因素可能会影响到研究结果的普遍性。此外，他们还没有探讨其他乳制品对T2D风险的影响。因此，未来的研究需要进一步验证这些发现。
总之，这项研究表明，对于无法产生足够乳糖酶的人来说，适量饮用牛奶可能有助于降低T2D的风险。然而，这项研究仍需进一步验证其普遍性，并在未来的研究中探讨其他乳制品对T2D风险的影响。
英语如下：
Title: Drinking Milk May Reduce Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Non-lactose-tolerant Adults
Keywords: Milk, Lactase, Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)
News Content: Beijing, Jan. 22 (Xinhuanet) — According to a study published on Jan. 22 in Nature Metabolism, adults who are unable to produce lactase (persistent lack of lactase production) may be at a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) if they increase their milk intake. The study showed that an increase in milk consumption can change the levels of specific bacteria and circulating metabolites in the gut, which is related to reducing T2D risk.
The study was conducted by researchers from the Department of Medicine at the University of Washington Medical Center in the United States. They tracked over 3,000 American adults for up to 18 years. The researchers found that people who drank one glass of milk per day had a 27% lower risk of developing T2D than those who did not drink milk.
According to the researchers, lactose is a common carbohydrate that is broken down into glucose and galactose by lactase in the human body. However, not everyone can produce enough lactase to digest lactose, which is called “lactose intolerance”. For these individuals, excessive lactose intake may lead to symptoms such as diarrhea and bloating.
The researchers said that this study shows that improving the composition of the gut microbiome by increasing milk intake may help reduce the risk of T2D. They recommended that for those who are unable to produce sufficient lactase, moderate drinking of milk may be an effective preventive measure.
However, the study also has certain limitations. The researchers pointed out that their study focused on the American population, and the study lasted for a long time, but these factors may affect the generalizability of the results. In addition, they have not explored the impact of other dairy products on T2D risk. Therefore, future research is needed to verify these findings.
In conclusion, this study shows that for those who are unable to produce sufficient lactase, moderate drinking of milk may help reduce the risk of T2D. However, this study still needs to be further verified for its generalizability and to explore the impact of other dairy products on T2D risk in future studies.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/life/2024/01-23/10151060.shtml
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