正文：
夏季，高温、强降雨、台风等极端天气频繁考验着城市的韧性。然而，位于江西赣州北部的赣州古城，却凭借一套古代城市排水系统，900多年来从未发生内涝，展现了古人穿越千年的排水智慧。
这座古城的三面被章江、贡江环抱，历史上频繁遭受洪水的侵袭。为了抵御洪水，赣州古城的城墙是目前国内规模最大、保存最完整的宋代城墙，采用坚硬的山石为基石，地基用铁水浇筑，坚固异常。
城墙之外，古城内的福寿沟是世界上最悠久的城市防洪排水工程之一。福寿沟的建造智慧在于“借势”，根据古城内的高低差异，修建大小不同的沟渠，增加水的流速。福寿沟的沟渠设计巧妙，从北向南看像“福”字，从东往西看像“寿”字，因此得名。
福寿沟的沟渠采用三合土黏合剂，这种材料既不硬也不密封，但却能够千年不坏。这是因为三合土的柔韧性使得水能够渗透到周边土层，对沟渠起到间接保护作用。这种设计巧妙地避免了沟渠因压力过大而破裂。
除了沟渠，赣州古城还巧妙利用水塘、铜钱篦子、沉井、度龙桥、水窗等设施，展现了古人的生态智慧和匠心精神。这些设施如同“海绵”，在江水高于沟渠水位时，暂时储存雨水，减轻排水系统的压力。
赣州古城的防洪排涝系统，不仅是城墙和沟渠的结合，更是古人智慧与自然和谐共生的典范。这座古城不仅见证了历史的沧桑巨变，也为我们提供了宝贵的“海绵城市”建设经验。通过借鉴古人的智慧，我们可以更好地应对现代城市面临的洪涝问题，提升城市抵御极端天气的能力。
英语如下：
News Title: “Millennial Fu Shou Ditch: A Drainage Miracle of Ganzhou Ancient City”
Keywords: Sponge City, Ganzhou Ancient City, Fu Shou Ditch
News Content:
Title: “The Wisdom of Jiangxi Ganzhou Ancient City: A Rebirth of the ‘Sponge City’ Concept from the Song Dynasty”
Body:
During the summer, cities are frequently tested by extreme weather conditions such as high temperatures, heavy rainfall, and typhoons. However, Ganzhou Ancient City in northern Jiangxi Province, surrounded by the Zhangjiang and Gongjiang rivers, has never experienced internal flooding in the past 900 years thanks to an ancient urban drainage system, showcasing the ancient wisdom of water management that has transcended the millennia.
The ancient city is bordered on three sides by the Zhangjiang and Gongjiang rivers and has historically been frequently attacked by floods. To defend against these floods, the city walls of Ganzhou Ancient City are the largest and best-preserved Song Dynasty walls in China, constructed from hard mountain stones and with foundations reinforced by molten iron, making them exceptionally strong.
Outside the walls, the Fu Shou Ditch within the ancient city is one of the oldest urban flood control and drainage systems in the world. The ingenuity of the Fu Shou Ditch lies in its “taking advantage of the situation” approach, with the construction of different-sized ditches to increase the flow of water based on the elevation differences within the city. The design of the Fu Shou Ditch is clever; looking north to south, it resembles the character “福” (Fu, meaning “happiness”), and looking east to west, it resembles the character “寿” (Shou, meaning “longevity”), hence its name.
The ditches of the Fu Shou Ditch are constructed with a mixture of three types of earth, a material that is neither hard nor sealed but is capable of lasting for a thousand years. This is because the flexibility of the mixture allows water to permeate into the surrounding soil layers, providing indirect protection to the ditches. This design cleverly avoids the ditches from breaking due to excessive pressure.
In addition to the ditches, Ganzhou Ancient City cleverly utilizes facilities such as ponds, copper coins, wells, dragon bridges, and water windows, demonstrating the ecological wisdom and craftsmanship of the ancients. These facilities act like “sponges”, temporarily storing rainwater when the water level of the rivers exceeds that of the ditches, thus relieving the pressure on the drainage system.
The flood control and drainage system of Ganzhou Ancient City is not only a combination of city walls and ditches but also a paradigm of the harmony between ancient wisdom and nature. This ancient city not only witnesses the vicissitudes of history but also offers valuable experience in sponge city construction. By drawing inspiration from the wisdom of the ancients, we can better address the flood issues faced by modern cities and enhance the city’s resilience against extreme weather.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2024/08-15/10269161.shtml
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