### 中新网北京7月9日电 (记者 孙自法)
国际学术界在对抗禽流感病毒的战役中取得了新的突破。国际著名学术期刊《自然》杂志最新在线发表的一篇病毒学研究论文，揭示了美国牛群中传播的高致病性H5N1禽流感病毒在哺乳动物中的感染和传播特征。这一发现对于理解病毒跨物种传播的机制、评估病毒对人类和动物健康的风险、以及开发潜在的疫苗和治疗策略具有重要意义。
### 研究揭示感染途径与传播方式
研究团队通过对美国牛群中传播的H5N1病毒的深入分析，发现该病毒能够通过感染牛流感的奶牛的奶传给小鼠，这一发现表明病毒在哺乳动物间的垂直传播路径。同时，研究还揭示了病毒通过鼻内暴露方式传播给小鼠的能力，表明病毒具有在哺乳动物群体中水平传播的潜力。
### 重要意义与挑战
这一研究成果不仅对了解H5N1病毒在哺乳动物中的传播机制提供了新的见解，而且对公共卫生和畜牧业管理具有深远的影响。病毒在哺乳动物间的传播能力增强，意味着需要更加严密的监测和防控措施，以防止病毒跨物种传播，特别是对人类健康构成的潜在威胁。
### 科学研究的持续努力
随着全球对禽流感病毒跨物种传播的关注不断升温，此类研究的深入进行显得尤为重要。科学家们呼吁加强国际合作，共享研究成果，以促进病毒防控策略的全球协调与优化。同时，持续的科学研究将为开发更有效的疫苗和治疗手段提供科学依据，为人类和动物健康安全筑起坚固的防线。
### 结语
H5N1禽流感病毒在哺乳动物中的感染与传播机制的最新揭秘，不仅展现了病毒学研究的最新进展，也为未来防控工作提供了新的方向和挑战。国际社会需紧密合作，共同应对这一公共卫生领域的复杂挑战，保护全球人类和动物的健康安全。
英语如下：
### International Breakthrough Reveals Mechanisms of Avian Influenza Virus Transmission Among Mammals
### Beijing, July 9, 2023 (Xinhua Net) – Journalist: Sun Zifan
The global scientific community has made a new breakthrough in the battle against avian influenza viruses. A virology research paper recently published in the prestigious international academic journal ‘Nature’ sheds light on the infection and transmission characteristics of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses circulating in US cattle. This discovery is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of inter-species transmission, assessing the risk to human and animal health, and developing potential vaccine and therapeutic strategies.
### Revealing Pathways and Modes of Transmission
The research team, after in-depth analysis of the H5N1 virus circulating in US cattle, discovered that the virus can be transmitted vertically through milk from infected cows to mice. This finding indicates a vertical transmission route between mammals. The study also revealed the virus’s ability to spread horizontally among mammals through nasal exposure, suggesting the virus’s potential for transmission within mammalian populations.
### Significance and Challenges
This research not only provides new insights into the mechanisms of H5N1 virus transmission among mammals, but also has profound implications for public health and livestock management. The enhanced ability of viruses to transmit among mammals necessitates more stringent monitoring and control measures to prevent inter-species transmission, particularly the potential threat to human health.
### Ongoing Scientific Efforts
As global attention on the cross-species transmission of avian influenza viruses continues to rise, such research is of paramount importance. Scientists call for enhanced international cooperation, sharing of research results, and promoting global coordination and optimization of防控 strategies. Simultaneously, ongoing scientific research will provide the scientific basis for developing more effective vaccines and treatments, strengthening the global defenses for human and animal health security.
### Conclusion
The latest revelations on the infection and transmission mechanisms of H5N1 avian influenza viruses among mammals not only showcase the latest advancements in virology research, but also provide new directions and challenges for future control efforts. The international community needs to work closely together to jointly address the complex challenges in public health, safeguarding the health and safety of humans and animals globally.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/gj/2024/07-09/10248531.shtml
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