青铜器如何修旧如旧？记者跟着“文物医生”学做“手术”
青铜器，作为我国古代文明的瑰宝，承载着丰富的历史、文化、科技和艺术价值。然而，岁月沧桑，无数青铜器遭受了不同程度的损坏，面临着日益严重的腐蚀和破损。为了保护和传承这些珍贵的文化遗产，我国拥有一批专业的“文物医生”，他们用自己的双手，让古老的青铜器重焕生机。
近日，中新网记者有幸跟随一位“文物医生”，深入青铜器修复现场，见证了这一神秘而富有挑战性的过程。这位“文物医生”介绍，青铜器修复主要分为四个步骤：清洗、补焊、整形和作旧。
首先，清洗是修复青铜器的基础。由于青铜器表面往往附着有泥土、油污等杂质，清洗的目的是去除这些杂质，露出青铜器本来的面目。清洗过程中，工作人员需使用棉签、刷子等工具，配合清洗剂，轻轻擦拭青铜器表面。需要注意的是，清洗剂的选用要慎重，以免对青铜器造成二次损伤。
接下来是补焊，对于断裂或缺失的部分，需要用同种材质的青铜进行补焊。这一步骤要求工作人员具备较高的焊接技巧，以确保补焊部分与原器物表面光滑、连接自然。
整形是对青铜器进行微调，使其恢复原有形状。这一步骤可能涉及到打磨、挫削等工艺，需要工作人员在保证器物完整性的前提下，尽量恢复青铜器的原始风貌。
最后一步是作旧，也是整个修复过程中最具挑战性的一步。作旧旨在让修复后的青铜器呈现出自然、真实的古老效果。这一步骤需要工作人员熟悉青铜器的腐蚀规律和古铜色，运用合适的试剂和技巧，使青铜器表面产生适度、均匀的腐蚀效果。
整个修复过程中，工作人员必须遵循最小干预原则，尽量保留青铜器的原有成分和结构。经过“文物医生”的精心治疗，一件件青铜器重焕生机，仿佛穿越时空，将古老文明呈现在我们面前。
让我们致敬这些默默无闻的“文物医生”，是他们让青铜器这一珍贵文化遗产得以传承和弘扬。在未来，我们有理由相信，随着科技的发展和修复技艺的提高，将有更多珍贵的青铜器在“文物医生”的呵护下，绽放光彩。
英语如下：
# “Unveiling the Art of Bronze Restoration: A Journalist Follows the ‘Doctors of Cultural Relics’ in Their ‘Surgeries'”
Keywords: Bronze artifacts, restoration, cultural relic preservation.
## News Content
How are bronze artifacts restored to their former glory? A journalist shadows the “doctors of cultural relics” as they perform their “surgeries.”
Bronze artifacts, as treasures of ancient Chinese civilization, carry rich historical, cultural, technological, and artistic value. However, battered by the passage of time, countless bronzes have suffered varying degrees of damage, facing increasingly serious corrosion and breakage. To protect and pass down these precious cultural heritages, our country boasts a team of professional “doctors of cultural relics” who use their hands to bring the ancient bronzes back to life.
Recently, a journalist from China News Service had the privilege of following one such “doctor of cultural relics” into the restoration site, witnessing the mysterious and challenging process firsthand. This “doctor of cultural relics” explained that the restoration of bronze artifacts mainly involves four steps: cleaning, welding, shaping, and aging.
Firstly, cleaning is the foundation of bronze restoration. As bronze artifacts are often covered with soil, grease, and other impurities, the purpose of cleaning is to remove these substances to reveal the true face of the bronze. During the cleaning process, staff must use tools such as cotton swabs and brushes,配合 cleaning agents, to gently wipe the surface of the bronze. It is important to select cleaning agents with care to avoid any secondary damage to the bronze.
Next is welding, which addresses broken or missing parts by filling them with the same type of bronze. This step requires staff to have a high level of welding skills to ensure that the repaired parts blend smoothly with the original surface.
Shaping is the step where slight adjustments are made to the bronze artifact to restore its original shape. This may involve processes like polishing and scraping, and staff must ensure the integrity of the artifact while doing their best to recover the original style of the bronze.
The final step is aging, also the most challenging part of the restoration process. The aim is to create a natural and authentic ancient effect on the restored bronze. To achieve this, staff need to understand the corrosion patterns and the color of ancient bronze, and use appropriate reagents and techniques to produce a moderate and even corrosion effect on the surface of the bronze.
Throughout the restoration process, staff must adhere to the principle of minimal intervention, striving to preserve the original components and structure of the bronze. After the meticulous treatment by the “doctors of cultural relics,” bronzes are brought back to life, as if they have traversed time and space, presenting us with ancient civilization.
Let us pay tribute to these unsung heroes, the “doctors of cultural relics,” who enable the inheritance and promotion of this precious cultural heritage. In the future, we have reason to believe that with the advancement of technology and the improvement of restoration techniques, more precious bronze artifacts will shine again under the care of these “doctors of cultural relics.”
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2024/05-17/10218673.shtml
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