美国政府近日对华芯片出口管制政策进行了重大修订，新版条款长达160多页，旨在“纠正意外的错误并明确一些条款”，将于4月4日正式生效。在这次修订中，美国商务部加强了对关键芯片制造设备的控制，特别是增加了对极紫外光刻机（EUV）掩膜和刻蚀机的限制。同时，新的政策还引入了对中国澳门地区以及D:5组地区的“推定拒绝”出口策略。
针对公众热议的RTX4090显卡禁售问题，此次更新给予了部分放宽。虽然之前有传言称RTX4090将被全面禁止向中国出口，但新条款对此进行了澄清，调整了相关许可证的要求和例外情况，意味着在特定条件下，这类高性能显卡的出口可能不会完全被禁止。
此外，更新还涉及到光刻机和相关上下游设备的进口限制。美国商务部明确指出，未来中国将只能购买较老款式的光刻机，旨在限制中国在先进制程技术上的发展。这一系列变动反映了美国在确保全球半导体供应链安全和防止敏感技术转移方面的持续努力。
这一新闻再次凸显了全球科技领域的紧张局势，特别是在半导体制造这一核心领域。随着新政策的实施，中美之间的科技竞争和合作模式可能面临新的调整，也将对全球芯片产业格局产生深远影响。
英语如下：
**News Title:** “U.S. Chip Controls Tighten: New Ban on Lithography Machines, Relaxation on RTX4090 Exports”
**Keywords:** Chip Controls, Lithography Machine Restrictions, RTX4090 Loosening
**News Content:** The U.S. government has recently undergone a significant revision of its chip export control policy to China, with the updated document spanning over 160 pages, aimed at “correcting unintended errors and clarifying provisions.” The new rules will take effect on April 4th. Among the revisions, the U.S. Department of Commerce has reinforced controls on key chip manufacturing equipment, particularly imposing stricter limits on Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUV) mask and etching machines.
Simultaneously, the policy introduces a “presumption of denial” export strategy for Macau and areas under Group D:5 jurisdiction. Regarding the widely-discussed ban on the RTX4090 graphics card, the update offers some relief. Contrary to earlier rumors of a complete export ban to China, the revised terms clarify and adjust licensing requirements and exceptions, suggesting that exports of such high-performance cards may not be entirely prohibited under specific conditions.
Furthermore, the update encompasses import restrictions on lithography machines and associated upstream and downstream equipment. The U.S. Commerce Department has stipulated that China will only be able to purchase older models of lithography machines, a move intended to curb advancements in advanced process technologies. These changes reflect the U.S.’s ongoing efforts to ensure the security of the global semiconductor supply chain and prevent the transfer of sensitive technologies.
This news underscores the escalating tensions in the global tech sector, especially in the critical domain of semiconductor manufacturing. As the new policy takes shape, the dynamics of tech competition and collaboration between the U.S. and China could witness a realignment, with far-reaching implications for the global chip industry landscape.
【来源】https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20240402A09O2G00
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