美国政府近日对华芯片出口管制政策进行了大规模修订，新的出口管制条例将于4月4日正式生效。这一修订涉及160多页的内容，旨在“纠正意外的错误，并明确一些条款”。根据修订，美国商务部加强了对高端芯片制造设备的控制，包括极紫外光刻机（EUV）掩膜和刻蚀机等关键设备，以限制其向中国出口。
值得注意的是，更新的细则中，针对此前引发热议的“RTX4090禁售”问题，美国商务部有所放宽，意味着这款高性能显卡的出口限制可能得到缓解。同时，针对“H20”芯片的出口政策也进行了调整。不过，中国澳门地区以及D:5组地区的芯片交易将面临更为严格的“推定拒绝”政策，即默认情况下这些地区的出口申请将被拒绝。
此外，对于光刻机等上下游设备的进口，美国也设定了新的限制，仅允许销售较旧款的设备给中国。这一举措将进一步影响中国芯片制造业的升级步伐。美国商务部的这些修订措施，无疑将对全球半导体供应链和中美科技关系产生深远影响。
据腾讯科技报道，这些新政策反映了美国在维护其科技领先地位和国家安全方面的持续担忧，同时也预示着全球芯片行业的竞争格局可能面临新的重塑。中国方面可能会寻求通过自主研发和技术合作等方式，以应对这些新的出口管制挑战。
英语如下：
News Title: “U.S. Chip Controls Tighten: New Etching Machines Banned for China, Relaxation on RTX4090 Restrictions”
Keywords: Chip Controls, U.S. Revision, Macau, China
News Content: The U.S. government has recently undergone a significant revision of its export control policy on chips to China, with the updated regulations set to take effect on April 4. Spanning over 160 pages, the revision aims to “correct unintended errors and clarify certain provisions.” According to the revision, the U.S. Department of Commerce has tightened its grip on high-end chip manufacturing equipment, including Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUV) masks and etchers, to restrict their export to China.
Notably, the revised guidelines soften the stance on the previously debated “RTX4090 sales ban,” suggesting that restrictions on exporting this high-performance graphics card might be eased. The export policy for the “H20” chip has also undergone adjustment. However, chip transactions involving Macau, China, and regions under D:5 group will face stricter “presumption of denial” policies, meaning export applications to these areas will generally be rejected.
Furthermore, new restrictions have been imposed on the import of lithography machines and associated equipment to China, allowing only older models to be sold. This move is expected to hinder China’s chip manufacturing upgrading process. These revisions by the U.S. Department of Commerce will undoubtedly have far-reaching impacts on the global semiconductor supply chain and the Sino-U.S. tech relationship.
As reported by Tencent Technology, these new policies reflect ongoing U.S. concerns over preserving its technological lead and national security. They also foreshadow potential realignments in the global chip industry’s competitive landscape. In response, China may seek to counter these export control challenges through self-reliance in R&D and technology collaborations.
【来源】https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20240402A09O2G00
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