美国政府近日对其对华芯片出口管制政策进行了重大修订，新版管制条款长达160多页，将于4月4日正式生效。据官方表示，此次修订旨在“纠正意外的错误，并明确一些条款”。在新的管制条例中，美国商务部加强了对先进制造设备的控制，特别是对极紫外光刻机（EUV）掩膜和刻蚀机等关键设备的出口限制。
值得注意的是，更新内容中提及，对中国澳门地区及D:5组地区的出口政策将采取“推定拒绝”的原则，这意味着这些地区的芯片相关进口将面临更严格的审查。同时，对于公众关心的NVIDIA RTX4090显卡禁售问题，管制细则进行了回应，表明该限制可能会有所放宽。
此外，AI芯片的出口许可证及其例外情况的适用范围也得到了重新澄清。这一修订反映了美国在确保技术优势的同时，试图避免对非敏感领域的过度限制。然而，光刻机的进口政策仍然严格，仅允许购买较老款的设备，这将进一步影响中国在半导体领域的自主发展能力。
这一系列变化凸显了全球半导体供应链的紧张态势，以及美国在科技竞争中持续对华施加的压力。随着新政策的落地，中美之间的科技博弈或将进入新的阶段。
英语如下：
News Title: “U.S. Chip Control Measures: EUV Lithography Machine Sales Restricted, Loosening Ban on RTX4090, Direct Impact on Macau and D:5 Region”
Keywords: U.S. chip restrictions, Macau, RTX4090
News Content: The U.S. government has recently made significant revisions to its policy on chip exports to China, with the updated regulations spanning over 160 pages and set to take effect on April 4th. Officials state that these revisions aim to “correct unintended errors and clarify certain provisions.” In the new regulations, the U.S. Department of Commerce tightens control over advanced manufacturing equipment, particularly restricting exports of critical devices like extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUV) masks and etching machines.
Notably, the revisions mention that exports to Macau and the D:5 region will now operate under a “presumption of denial” policy, suggesting that chip-related imports to these areas will face heightened scrutiny. Regarding the public concern over the NVIDIA RTX4090 graphics card ban, the control details indicate that this restriction might be eased.
Additionally, the export licenses and exceptions for AI chips have been redefined. This amendment reflects the U.S.’s attempt to maintain its technological edge while minimizing unnecessary restrictions in non-sensitive sectors. However, the import policy for lithography machines remains stringent, allowing only the purchase of older models, thereby impacting China’s self-reliance in the semiconductor industry.
These developments underscore the tensions in the global semiconductor supply chain and the ongoing pressure the U.S. is exerting on China in the technology race. With the implementation of the new policy, the tech rivalry between the two nations could enter a new phase.
【来源】https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20240402A09O2G00
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