近日，江苏泰兴市人民医院输血科主任技师曹国平在日常工作血液检测中，发现了一例罕见的小p血型。这种血型的出现频率低于百万分之一，甚至比被称为“熊猫血”的Rh阴性血还要稀有。经过基因测序，发现该血型中有一种全球迄今为止尚未发现的新核苷酸序列，被人类基因库分配序列号：OR900206。
我国一般将表型频率低于千分之一的血型称为“稀有血型”，而小p血型的出现频率低于百万分之一。目前，我国记录在案的小p血型仅有十余例。多年前，曹国平就遇到过这种特殊的血型，但当时因种种原因未能进行基因分析。十年来，他一直念念不忘，去年终于再次发现这个特殊血型，并确认为同一个人。
P血型最早由奥地利生物学家兰德斯泰纳于1927年发现，目前共有7个分型，前4种在人群中常见，后3种则罕见。小p血型属于P血型的一种，若一般患者接受了含有Tja抗体的血液（小p血型），会引起溶血性输血反应。反之，小p血型的人需要输血时，只能接受相同血型的血液，而不能接受除小p血型以外的血液，否则会引起严重的输血反应。
英文翻译：
News title: Rare small p blood type discovered in Taixing, Jiangsu
Keywords: Rare blood type, Small p blood type, Gene sequencing
News content:
Recently, a rare small p blood type has been discovered in Taixing City People’s Hospital. The occurrence frequency of this blood type is lower than one in a million, even rarer than the Rh-negative blood, commonly known as “panda blood.” After gene sequencing, a new nucleotide sequence that has not been discovered globally was found in the blood type, with the assigned sequence number OR900206 in the human gene library.
In China, blood types with a phenotypic frequency below one in a thousand are generally referred to as “rare blood types,” while the occurrence frequency of small p blood types is lower than one in a million. Currently, there are only a dozen or so recorded small p blood types in China. Many years ago, Cao Guoping, the head technician of the blood transfusion department of Taixing City People’s Hospital, encountered this special blood type but was unable to conduct gene analysis due to various reasons. Over the past ten years, he has never forgotten this blood type and finally discovered it again last year, confirming it as the same person.
The P blood type was first discovered by Austrian biologist Landsteiner in 1927 and currently has seven subtypes. The first four are common in the population, while the latter three are rare. Small p blood type belongs to one of the P blood types. If a general patient receives blood containing Tja antibody (small p blood type), it can cause a hemolytic transfusion reaction. Conversely, when a small p blood type person needs a blood transfusion, they can only accept blood of the same type and not accept any other blood except for small p blood type, otherwise, it can cause severe transfusion reactions.
【来源】https://www.ithome.com/0/743/758.htm
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