空芯光纤（HCF，Hollow-core fiber）作为一种新型传输媒介，以空气为传输介质，颠覆了传统以玻璃为核心的光纤传输方式。其超低时延、超低非线性、潜在的超低损耗及更宽的通带带宽等特性，使得空芯光纤在传输容量、传输距离和时延等方面具有显著优势。
相较于传统玻芯光纤，空芯光纤在低时延、超低非线性、潜在的超低损耗和超宽工作频段等方面具有明显优势。空气芯区传输速度更快，时延降低30%；非线性效应低3-4个数量级，提升传输距离；损耗可达0.174dB/km，且具有更小的理论极限；提供超过1000nm的超宽频段，支持多个波段。
空芯光纤技术目前正处于研究阶段，国内外高校及光纤领域公司如长飞、南安普顿大学子公司Lumenisity等均已展开相关研究。2021年，英国电信实验室与Lumenisity公司及Mavenir公司合作，测试了10km长的空芯光纤光缆。预计未来空芯光纤将在传输容量、距离及时延方面实现全面提升，成为数据中心、算力网络等超低时延场景的最优选择。
尽管空芯光纤技术成熟度尚需提升，如光纤性能、制造工艺及标准完善等，但预计其商业化应用仍需一段时间。空芯光纤的发展将为通信行业带来重大突破，进一步提升网络传输速度和效率。
英文翻译：
News title: Hollow-core fiber: A new breakthrough in communication
Keywords: Hollow-core fiber, transmission capacity, transmission distance, latency
News content:
Hollow-core fiber (HCF), a novel transmission medium that uses air as the transmission medium, has reversed the traditional glass-core fiber transmission method. Its ultra-low latency, ultra-low nonlinearity, potential ultra-low loss, and wider bandwidth make hollow-core fiber stand out in terms of transmission capacity, transmission distance, and latency.
Compared to traditional glass-core fiber, hollow-core fiber has significant advantages in low latency, ultra-low nonlinearity, potential ultra-low loss, and wider working frequency bands. The transmission speed in the air core area is faster, with a latency reduction of 30%; the nonlinearity is 3-4 orders of magnitude lower, allowing for a longer transmission distance; the loss can reach 0.174 dB/km, with a smaller theoretical limit; and it provides a wider frequency band of over 1000 nm, supporting multiple bands.
Hollow-core fiber technology is currently in the research stage, and domestic and foreign universities and fiber optic field companies such as Changfei and Lumenisity, a subsidiary of Southampton University, have launched related research. In 2021, British Telecom’s laboratory collaborated with Lumenisity and Mavenir to test a 10 km long hollow-core fiber optic cable. It is expected that future hollow-core fiber systems will achieve a comprehensive improvement in transmission capacity, distance, and latency, making it the best choice for ultra-low latency scenarios such as data centers and computing networks.
Although the maturity of hollow-core fiber technology still needs to be improved in areas such as fiber performance, manufacturing process, and standardization, it is expected that its commercial application will still take some time. The development of hollow-core fiber will bring about a significant breakthrough in the communication industry, further enhancing network transmission speed and efficiency.
【来源】https://www.ithome.com/0/743/708.htm
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