1961 年，苏联领导人赫鲁晓夫上台后，对苏联经济进行了广泛的改革和调整。然而，长期以来，苏联只注重重工业的发展，忽视了农业的发展，甚至掩饰了农业方面的严重问题。
在赫鲁晓夫执政期间，苏联曾宣布 1952 年的谷物产量达到 13,000 万吨。然而，实际上这一年只达到了 11,000 万吨，远低于宣布的数字。更为令人惊讶的是，马林科夫在党的十九大上宣称：“农业问题永远彻底解决了。”这实际上是一种掩盖农业问题的手段。
事实上，苏联的农业问题非常严重。在赫鲁晓夫改革之前，苏联的农业生产遭受了多年的破坏，许多农民失去了他们的土地和财产。赫鲁晓夫试图通过提高谷物收购价格和鼓励更多的农民参与农业来解决这些问题。然而，这些措施并没有取得太大的效果，因为苏联的经济和社会结构已经无法改变。
此外，赫鲁晓夫改革也导致了苏联与西方的紧张关系。赫鲁晓夫试图通过外交手段来改善苏联与西方的关系，但西方国家并不接受他的改革计划。最终，赫鲁晓夫的改革计划失败了，苏联经济和社会结构继续恶化。
总结起来，赫鲁晓夫改革是一个复杂的故事，它涉及到苏联经济、政治和社会结构的方方面面。虽然赫鲁晓夫试图通过改革来解决农业问题，但这些问题已经深深根植于苏联的经济和社会结构中。最终，赫鲁晓夫的改革失败了，苏联经济和社会结构继续恶化。
新闻翻译：
Title: Unveiling the Truth Behind 赫鲁晓夫改革
Keywords:赫鲁晓夫改革，苏联经济，农业问题
Content:
On January 1, 1961, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev took office and began a widespread reform of the Soviet economy. However, historically, the Soviet Union focused on heavy industry development and neglected agriculture, even hiding serious agricultural issues.
During Khrushchev’s leadership, the Soviet Union declared that the grain production in 1952 reached 13 million tons. However, in reality, only 11.0 million tons were produced that year, far below the declared figure. Moreover, Nikita Malinov, the Prime Minister at the 18th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, claimed that “agricultural issues were forever and completely solved.” This was actually a way to cover up agricultural issues.
In fact, the agricultural sector in the Soviet Union was facing serious problems. Before Khrushchev’s reforms, the agricultural sector had been damaged for many years, and many farmers lost their land and property. Khrushchev tried to address these issues by increasing the price of grain and encouraging more farmers to participate in agriculture. However, these measures did not have a significant impact because the economic and social structure of the Soviet Union was already beyond change.
Furthermore, Khrushchev’s reforms also led to a tense relationship between the Soviet Union and the West. Khrushchev tried to improve relations with the West through diplomacy, but Western countries did not accept his reform plans. Ultimately, Khrushchev’s reform plan failed, and the economic and social structure of the Soviet Union continued to deteriorate.
In summary, the story of Khrushchev’s reforms is a complex one that touches on various aspects of the Soviet economy, politics, and social structure. Although Khrushchev tried to address agricultural issues, these problems were deeply ingrained in the economic and social structure of the Soviet Union. Ultimately, Khrushchev’s reforms failed, and the economic and social structure of the Soviet Union continued to deteriorate.
【来源】https://baike.so.com/doc/5776955.html
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